The Ad Agency AI Dictionary

Common AI terms beginning with S, defined for advertising professionals.

S

Find the Flux+Form AI glossary & dictionary to help you make sense of common AI terms. Below you can find an AI Glossary & Dictionary for “S”.

24 Terms in section S Updated May 2026

Sampling

Selecting a subset of data from a larger dataset to make statistical inferences or train models.

Scaling

Adjusting numerical data into a specified range to improve learning stability.

Schedule

In optimization, a plan for adjusting the learning rate over the course of training.

Self‑Attention

A mechanism that allows models to weigh the importance of different parts of an input sequence relative to each other.

Self‑Supervised Learning

Learning from data without explicit labels by creating proxy tasks, such as predicting the next word in a sentence.

Semantic Segmentation

Assigning a class label to each pixel in an image to delineate objects and backgrounds.

Sentiment Analysis

Using NLP techniques to determine the emotional tone of text, such as positive, negative or neutral.

Sequence Model

Models designed to handle sequential data, such as time series or language, by capturing order and context.

Sequential Data

Data where order matters, such as clickstreams, sensor readings or sentences.

Sigmoid Function

An activation function that maps input values into a range between 0 and 1.

Similarity Metric

A measure that quantifies how alike two data points are, used in clustering and recommendation.

Skip Connection

A direct connection that bypasses one or more layers in a neural network, helping to combat vanishing gradients.

Softmax

An activation function that converts a vector of values into probabilities that sum to 1.

Specificity

The proportion of true negatives correctly identified by a model, important for evaluating classifiers.

Speech Recognition

Converting spoken language into text using AI models and signal processing.

State

In reinforcement learning, the current situation that the agent observes and uses to decide actions.

Statistical Learning

Methods that use statistics to infer relationships from data and make predictions.

Stochastic Gradient Descent

An iterative optimisation algorithm that updates model parameters using random subsets (batches) of data.

Style Transfer

Recombining the style of one image with the content of another using neural networks, useful for creative campaigns.

Supervised Learning

Training models on labelled data where the correct output is provided for each input.

Support Vector Machine

A supervised learning algorithm that finds the optimal hyperplane separating classes in the feature space.

Synthetic Data

Data artificially generated to augment training sets or protect privacy while preserving statistical properties.

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